The RA essay is liking a final essay for the first six weeks, and I think the CR exercises and other exercises we did in first six weeks are all the bedding of RA essay. The topic I talked about in RA essay was the corruption in India, and it has good connection with the novel we read in first six weeks. The corruption in India was very seriousness, so that many people got oppress in India. In my RA essay, I write the corruption in India which Adiga says in his novel, and also connected with some examples in novel and our normal lives. 

If I want to revise my RA essay in the future, I will follow my instructor's feedback to my RA final draft, she said that my points were good but I still need some proofreading or editing. I think this is a problem for me, I always could not find place I should revise, so I think I should practice more about it.If I have time, I will revise the last paragraph in my RA essay, the original paragraph is, "Adiga interprets India from two sides-darkness and light, and I think rule by law and policy is fundamental strategy of India. India government should attach equal importance to both spiritual and material civilization and run the country by combining the rule of virtue and rule of law to improve the situation primarily.‘’ I think it is a little bit short for a big essay, but at the last time, I did not know how to revise it, if I have time I will add some more information on this paragraph, and phrase more about my essay. 

Ran Yi

Professor Anandi

WR 39B

31 Oct, 2016

RA final draft

       The White Tiger is a novel written by Indian author Arvind Adiga. The novel was published in 2008 and won the Man Booker Prize. Through the narration from the main character Balram Halwai, Adiga narrates a darkly perspective of how India’s servant class and higher class struggle in a globalized world. Overall, it provides a shocking contrast between India’s rapid economic development and the servant class people’s struggling life. Adiga also mentions important themes include corruption in Indian politics and society, religious tensions between Muslims and Hindus, as well as servant class use immoral approaches to get rid of poverty (Goh, 2011) to assail India government's nasty actions because many people in India are struggling in low class.

       Aravind Adiga makes a lot of efforts to highlight how the corruption plagues the India, and how the corruption cripples the India. Adiga also uses a lot of different examples of the corruption to show that new India, the India that is supposed to be advancing and evolving in the perspective of world. But the truth is that India is just filled with greedy and selfish, arrogant men using dirty way to climb up the ladders of political and social. The main character Balram Halwai grows up witnessing first-hand the country’s corruptness, as he narrates: “Like all good Bangalore stories, mine begins far away from Bangalore. You see, I am in the light now, but I was born and raised in Darkness (Adiga, 2008).”In the novel, the landlords who live in his village stole most of every family’s money, leaving them to starve or send villagers’ young children to work to pay off landlords’ debt. Balram says that India was composed of “half-baked” man because they just learn half-knowledge in the school and most of students can’t finish their education as well as the education system was soiled. The Indian government objected to pay the teacher’s salary. As the result, the teachers stole government aid money which was supposed to provide to the children and objected to teach them anything until the government paid their salary. The villagers did not even feel upset, and even regard it as a justified rebellion against a corrupt system. But I think it is ridiculous but can only create a vicious circle of corruption. When Balram’s father died, he witnessed the corrupted medical system. The doctors could work private practice and avoid stepping forward in government hospitals only if they corrupted the right person. When Balram’s father was illness, he had been ill for sometimes and really needed medical attention, but he never likely got it. However, his records showed that he did. The Indian police have corrupted everything all the time. It can be very simple to pay the police to get rid of ticket or to beat an innocent man until death because he wanted to vote for himself in the election, instead of being voted by his employer. The judges have also been paid to pull the innocent man into crimes. The corruption even extends to the Prime Minister. The entire voting system has been corrupted to make sure a certain party can win. I can’t image how chaos the city will be if everyone corrupts. Adiga uses examples in the novel to show these situations in new India and he wants to let more people know that the truth new India is not like their image, the new India is filled with corruptions and low class people are struggling.

       Even though at that time many people it was a miracle that Indian economic grown very fast, but like Adiga's words, this miracle was filled of corruptions and the suffering from low class people in India. The narrator in the novel Balram demonstrates that ‘economic miracle’ of India is just a superficial view, and narrate the truth of ‘economic miracle’-exchange money with moral. Every citizen criticizes corruption and most of people would feel unfair about it, but we still can’t avoid from the appearance of corruption. It is not only the problem in India. But the corruption in India is very high. From the servant class to officials, everyone corrupts. This situation leads to more problems for the Indian government, such as unemployment, poverty, pollution, illiteracy, underdevelopment, external threats etc. In the past several years, India’s economic develops rapidly. The novel is written to the Chinese premier Jiabao Wen, because the Chinese premier has an upcoming trip to the India and learns from India’s ‘economic miracle’.

       In the novel, Adiga mentions the corruptions in Indian medical system, and he gives an example for Balram, the Indian medical system corruption lead to Balram's father die. Chinese medical system also had some corruptions, but it changed immediately. So I think that it is a good example for the India Adiga mentions in the novel that how to change its situation about corruptions.  As a Chinese, I have to admit that corruption also played a large role in China since economic reforms began in 1978, the relation of Party with the people affected seriously by the privilege corruption, the foundation of the people on the Party’s in power lost. China’s government generally exist poor government’s image, low administrative efficiency, serious administrator’s corruption, etc. But China’s government makes a lot of efforts to deepen reform and rectify and regulate market economic and change the financial institution by improving credit system and law. And the new leader of China has a strong desire to improve the situation. The China’s government recognizes corruption as a serious problem and has been cracking down not just in the hospital system but also in the political ranks.(Bradsher, 2012) According to the "18^th National Congress of the Communist Party of China in 2012", A far-reaching campaign against corruption began in China under the leading of China’s Premier Xi Jinping. At the 18^th Party Congress, the party leader Xi Jinping emphasized many times that corruption is a threat to the Party’s success. In Xi’s first day in office, he vowed to crack down on “flies and tigers”, no matter that is high-ranking officials or petty civil servants (Bradsher, 2012).  "Tigers" means the very powerful people in China, and in the anti-corruption action, China arrested several "tigers". In the novel, Adiga mentions that Balram became a "white tiger" after he became rich and in the high class, I think that Balram became a "white tiger" because he is powerful and rich in India. After the campaign was carried out in 2012, anti-corruption campaign has swept though all around China. The campaign targeted government officials, banks, petty civil servants even newspaper reporters. This year, the China’s government prepares to increase monitoring of corruption in China’s health system. In 2016, China’s National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC) has issued three Notices regarding anti-corruption in the healthcare sector. The Notice including 9 forbidden actions by healthcare professionals and healthcare institutions, rules for commercial corruption in the healthcare industry, regulating the procurement of medical devices, medicine, medical supplies(Collier, Cheung& Diplomat, 2016). There are many same points with Indian and Chinese corruptions in their medical system, I think the Chinese anti-corruption action could be a good example for India to change it bad situation.

       Over three decades ago, Suresh Kohli claimed that “the most important single cause of corruption is economic security” (Kohli, 1975). This kind of assessment still can be applied to India today. People from the Servant class like Balram want to  touch upper class, while the rich “indulge in corruption in fear of losing what they have” (Kohli,1975). It is clear that this vicious circle will only be broken when all Indian social classes acquire sense of security. What is citizen’s sense of security? I think it means having two meals a day, clothing, employment and health care. When people attain these basic needs, corruption will be broken automatically.

       The India society is solid by corruption and most of servant class live on the edge of starvation, but I think things can be improved through making effort. Although there are endless problems of corruptions, they can also improve endlessly. In the end of The White Tiger, Adiga narrates, “When the veil is lifted, what will Bangalore be like? Maybe it will be a disaster, slums, swage, shopping malls, traffic jams, policemen. But you never know. It may turn out to be a decent city, where humans can live like human and animals can live like animals. A new Bangalore for a new India. And then I can say that, in my own way, I helped to make New Bangalore(Adiga, 273)”Adiga says that Bangalore can be improved in their own way, maybe they can make reference from China’s experience. Balram used dirty approaches such as stole, even murder to get rid of poverty. When he started his taxi business, he corrupted the police. With the establish of his business, he became one of rich class in Bangalore. And he acted just the same way with his former employer Mr. Ashok in many aspects. When one of his employee (Mohammad Asif) was driving, he hit and killed a poor boy who was walking on the road. Then Balram corrupted the police to get Mohammad Asif out of ticket and took responsibility by himself for the accident, then comforted the victim's family. Balram gives the family a good condition to make them do not have more negative emotion. In the end of the novel, Balram uses some methods to bribe police and avoid punish from law. This example shows that people are improving in moral, but it can also be interpreted as shielding people responsible for the accident. Balram makes efforts to remedy the lost of poor boy’s family, but I think it didn’t fix the problem primarily. Adiga mentions that changing Bangalore in his own way, I don’t think to shield people responsible for the accident is a wise choice.

       Adiga interprets India from two sides-darkness and light, and I think rule by law and policy is fundamental strategy of India. India government should attach equal importance to both spiritual and material civilization and run the country by combining the rule of virtue and rule of law to improve the situation primarily.

Reference:

Adiga, A. (2008). The white tiger: A novel. New York: Simon & Schuster Adult Publishing Group.

Bradsher, Keith (December 5, 2012). "China's Anticorruption Commission Investigates Senior Official". The New York Times.

Choudhury, M. A. (2015). Bringing “India of darkness” into light: A Socio-political study of Aravind Adiga’s the white tiger. English Language and Literature Studies, 5(1), . doi:10.5539/ells.v5n1p21

Collier, A., Cheung, V., & Diplomat, T. (2016, April 12). China’s coming crackdown on healthcare corruption. Retrieved October 28, 2016, from http://thediplomat.com/2016/04/chinas-coming-crackdown-on-healthcare-corruption/

Goh, R. B. H. (2011). Narrating “dark” India in Londonstani and the white tiger: Sustaining identity in the Diaspora. The Journal of Commonwealth Literature, 46(2), 327–344.