Welcome to my Annotated Bibliography!

This page illustrates my ability to gauge and classify sources, categorizing them on the basis of the credibility of their authors, their content, and their genre. Evaluating these sources taught me how I can expect to use the plethora of sources out in the world and where I would expect to specific kinds of information. From background information to ethos to multimodals, my go-to types of sources have expanded beyond just "the Internet." While I shouldn't trust everything I read, if I can appropriately classify a source, the benefits of the Internet will have exponentially increased.

Annotated Bibliography

Aronczyk, Amanda. "Medical Bills Linger, Long After Cancer Treatment Ends." NPR. NPR, 27 Mar. 2015. Web. 28 Jan. 2016. <http://www.npr.org/sections/healthshots/2015/03/27/395586203/medical-bills-linger-long-after-cancer-treatment-ends>.

Amanda Aronczyk, writer and reporter at National Public Radio, tells the story of a once average family and their personal struggle with financial and emotional stress as one of their own struggled with cancer. Through a personal interview with the Townsends, Aronczyk states the inner workings of medical bills and payments and their affect on individual lives long during and after treatment programs. Her purpose is to explain the plight many Americans face as a result of expensive healthcare treatment at the most basic level. This source is used as an introduction to the issue at hand.

Committee on Oversight and Government Reform. "Full Committee Hearing:." Committee on Oversight and Government Reform. House Democrats Oversight Committee, 04 Feb. 2016. Web. 01 Mar. 2016. <http://democrats.oversight.house.gov/legislation/hearings/full-committee-hearing-developments-in-the-prescription-drug-market-oversight>.

The Committee on Oversight and Government Reform is the main investigative committee in the U.S. House of Representatives. A ranking member of this committee, Rep. Elijah Cummings is running the Congressional hearings on Turing Pharmaceuticals currently. The report on the on-going hearing has been a good resource with insight into the Big Pharma investigation. Information is updated recorded and updated by the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform. Its purpose is to get information out as public record.

Congressional Budget Office. "Competition and the Cost of Medicare's Prescription Drug Program Report." Congressional Budget Office: Nonpartisan Analysis for the U.S. Congress. Congressional Budget Office, 30 July 014. Web. 27 Feb. 2016. <https://www.cbo.gov/publication/45552>.

The Congressional Budget Office publishes reports on various areas of government spending and their purpose, and how well the investment turned out. The purpose is to get information out as public record. This was used in the cost benefit analysis.

Daemmerich, Arthur. “U.S. Healthcare Reform and the Pharmaceutical Market: Projections from Insitutional History.” Pharmaceuticals Policy and Law 15.3 (2013): 137-162. Academic Search Complete. Web. 30 Jan. 2016. <https://vpn.nacs.uci.edu/+CSCO+00756767633A2F2F6A726F2E6E2E726F667062756266672E70627A++/ehost/detail/detail?sid=048347ef-355f-48e4-b730-e5261808c3a1%40sessionmgr4005&vid=7&hid=4212&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#AN=93547932&db=a9h#AN=93547932&db=a9h#AN=93547932&db=a9h>.

Arthur Daemmerich, Professor in the Dept. of History and Philosophy of Medicine at the University of Kansas Medical Center, writes about the future of America’s healthcare market based on the increased number of insured persons. In this journal article for Pharmaceuticals Policy and Law, he compares the American pharmaceutical market with that of other countries and discusses the relationship large biomedical corporation have with various nations and their laws. His purpose is to account for pharmaceutical price controls and its opposition and the overall effect on the healthcare industry through the year 2020.

Demko, Paul, and Sarah Karlin. "GOP Candidates Stuck on Drug Prices." POLITICO. POLITICO, 01 Dec. 2015. Web. 01 Mar. 2016. <http://www.politico.com/story/2015/11/drug-costs-gop-candidates-prescriptions-216292>.

Paul Demko and Sarah Karlin, accredited news correspondents, write for popular political journalism organization, Politico. The organization has a liberal bias as does the article. The purpose is to display the Republican standpoint on the regulation of pharmaceutical drug pricing. This was used in the opposition section.

DiJulio, Bianca, Jamie Firth, and Mollyann Brodie. "Kaiser Health Tracking Poll: August 2015." Kaiser Health Tracking Poll: August 2015. The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation, 20 Aug. 2015. Web. 01 Mar. 2016. <http://kff.org/health-costs/poll-finding/kaiser-health-tracking-poll-august-2015/>.

Bianca DiJulio, Jamie Firth, and Mollyann Brodie are accredited writers for the non-profit organization the Kaiser Family Foundation. They are leaders in health policy analysis and health journalism. This article was a series of public opinions on the pharmaceutical drug price debates. The information was used to display public opinion and support for the policy.

Engelberg, Alfred. "How Government Policy Promotes High Drug Prices." Health Affairs. Health Affairs, 29 Oct. 2015. Web. 01 Mar. 2016. <http://healthaffairs.org/blog/2015/10/29/how-government-policy-promotes-high-drug-prices/>.

Alfred Engelberg is a retired lawyer who worked for the U.S. Patent Office, who wrote an article for peer-reviewed healthcare journal, Health Affairs. The article discusses lack of government action on pharmaceutical drug prices and how sometimes high prices are promoted. This source was used for background on the policy and history.

Ferris, Sarah. "Big Pharma Attacks Clinton's Plan to Combat Drug Prices." The Hill. The Hil, 22 Sept. 2015. Web. 01 Feb. 2016. <http://thehill.com/policy/healthcare/254501-big-pharma-attacks-clintons-plan-to-combat-drug-prices>.

Sarah Ferris, writer for the news agency, The Hill, directly quotes from the pharmaceutical lobbyist organization, PhRMA, their responses to public critiques from Presidential candidate, Secretary Clinton. The news article clearly depicts the pharmaceutical corporation point of view. Readers clearly see that pharmaceutical firms are not afraid of pushing any decrease in products on to the consumers to make up for in price.

Grabowski, Henry, et al. “Evolving Brand-Name and Generic Drug Competition May Warrant A Revision of The Hatch-Waxman Act.” Health Affairs 30.11 (2011): 2157-2166. Academic Search Complete. Web. 26 Jan. 2016. <http://web.b.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/detail?sid=0156983c-eed2-4fb1-b50e-8deb25bdb3b8%40sessionmgr111&vid=0&hid=107&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#AN=67673022&db=a9h>.

Henry Grabowski, Professor Emeritus of economics and director of the Program in Pharmaceutical and Health Economics at Duke University, and his peers successfully critique the Hatch-Waxman Act, the first piece of legislation on pharmaceutical companies. In this journal article for Health Affairs, he calls attention to the evolution of drug competition in market and the success of Congress on legislating. He declares the failure of legislation lies in the lack of it, following the Hatch-Waxman Act, advocating for patient protection and care.

Harven, Michelle. "After Controversy, Pharmaceutical Company Will Lower Price of AIDS Drug." PBS. PBS, 23 Sept. 2015. Web. 18 Jan. 2016. <http://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/controversy-pharmaceutical-company-will-lower-price-aids-drug/>.

Michelle Harven, writer for PBS News Hour, discusses the recent Daraprim drug scandal. In this news article, she highlights the outrageous remarks made by the CEO of Turing Pharmaceuticals in their overnight price mark up. She follows the story of the CEO in question and his unkind, unrealistic responses to the price issue with bias toward patient care and the exploitation of American citizens.

Kantarjian, Hagop M.D., et al. “Cancer Drug in the United States: Justum Pretium—The Just Price.” 31.28 (2013): 3600-3604. PubMed. Web. 1 Oct. 2013. <http://jco.ascopubs.org/content/31/28/3600.long>.

Dr. Hagop Kantarjian, Chairman of the Leukemia Department at the University of Texas Medical Anderson Cancer Center and his colleagues wrote for the Journal of Clinical Oncology. This scholarly article discusses the correlation between value of care and price of prescription drugs. It’s purpose is to define that the value of care currently does not match the high prescription drug prices. This article was essential to my main argument.

Kantarjian, Hagop, M.D., et al. “High Cancer Drug Prices in the United States: Reasons and Proposed Solutions.” Journal of Oncology Practice 10.4 (2014): 208-211. Academic Search Complete. Web. 15 Feb. 2016.

Dr. Hagop Kantarjian, Chairman of the Leukemia Department at the University of Texas Medical Anderson Cancer Center and his colleagues wrote for the Journal of Oncology Practice. This scholarly article compares the claims of pharmaceutical companies to their actions. It’s purpose is to critique the current health care system and its lack of control over prescription drug prices. This article is essential to the main point of my coverage argument.

Rockoff, Jonathan D. "How Pfizer Set the Cost of Its New Drug at $9,850 a Month." WSJ. The Wall Street Journal, 19 Dec. 2015. Web. 18 Jan. 2016. <http://www.wsj.com/articles/the-art-of-setting-a-drug-price-1449628081>.

Jonathan Rockoff, writer and correspondent for The Wall Street Journal, discusses the process of price determining for pharmaceutical companies. In this newspaper article, he specifically calls to attention the company Pfizer and their new $9850 breast cancer drug. He walks his audience through the research and clinical trial process and the agencies involved and their respective duties involving getting a drug to the market.

Schnipper, Lowell E., et al. “American Society of Clinical Oncology Statement:
A Conceptual Framework to Assess the Value of Cancer Treatment Options.” Journal of Clinical Oncology 33.23 (2015): 2563 – 2577. PubMed. Web. 16 Feb. 2016. <http://jco.ascopubs.org/content/33/23/2563>.

According to Dr. Lowell Schnipper, Chief of Harvard Medical School, and his colleagues analyze cost of pharmaceutical drugs and their clinical and patient value through different lenses. The scholarly article’s purpose is to critique Big Pharma and its effects on American healthcare. This source was used for the central argument in favor of drug regulation.

Stech, Katy. "The Future of Personal Bankruptcy in a Post-Obamacare World." Bankruptcy Beat RSS. The Wall Street Journal, 1 July 2015. Web. 19 Jan. 2016. <http://blogs.wsj.com/bankruptcy/2015/07/01/the-future-of-personal-bankruptcy-in-a-post-obamacare-world/>.

Katy Stech, writer for The Wall Street Journal, examines the relationship between medical debt and bankruptcy in the United States. The newspaper article follows Northeastern University’s Professor Daniel Austin’s study on the healthcare system and its ability to keep families financially stable when medical care is needed. Stech provides statistics to convince and educate her audience of the pressing issue.

Tefferi, Ayalew, et al. “In Support of a Patient-Driven Initative and Petition to Lower the High Price of Cancer Drugs.” Mayo Clinic Proceedings 90.8 (2015): 996-1000. PubMed. Web. 31 Jan. 2016. < http://www.mayoclinicproceedings.org/article/S0025-6196(15)00430-9/fulltext>.

Dr. Ayalew Tefferi, M.D., hematologist at the Mayo Clinic, and his colleagues drew up a petition for the betterment of patient care and the healthcare system as a whole. In this journal article, doctors and medical professionals come together and advocate for more FDA approval processes with respect to price, increase of generics in the market, more education about generics, etc. This is used as a policy recommendation. They draw from various other studies and their own experiences as physicians to draw attention to the patient betterment movement.

Vogel, Ronald J. “Pharmaceutical Patents and Price Controls.” Clinical Therapeutics 24.7 (2002): 1204-1222. PubMed. Web. 30 Jan. 2016. <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12182263>.

Ronald Vogel, PhD, Professor at the College of Pharmacy at the University of Arizona, Tucson, discusses the pros and cons of the 20-year patent extension. In this scholarly article, he contemplates various economic models of pharmaceutical companies and how they are affected by indirect and direct price controls. He educates his audience on various countries and their solutions to the 20-year patent monopoly or lack of solutions.

Whitehead, Nadia. "Doctors Press For Action To Lower 'Unsustainable' Prices For Cancer Drugs." NPR. NPR, 23 July 2015. Web. 28 Jan. 2016. <http://www.npr.org/sections/healthshots/2015/07/23/425387299/doctors-press-for-action-to-lower-unsustainable-prices-for-cancer-drug>.

NPR writer, Nadia Whitehead, interviews acclaimed Mayo Clinic physician, Dr. Ayalew Tefferi on the realities of pricey outpatient drugs. The transcript of the interview proves the existence of schisms in the healthcare industry. Readers face the truth of the results of highly priced treatment programs. This source introduces the physician’s perspective in the paper.

Wieczner, Jen. "The Real Reasons for the Pharma Merger Boom." Fortune The Real Reasons for the Pharma Merger Boom Comments. Fortune, 28 July 2015. Web. 25 Jan. 2016. <http://fortune.com/2015/07/28/why-pharma-mergers-are-booming/>.

Jen Wieczner, writer for business magazine Fortune, evaluates the causes and effects of mergers in the pharmaceutical industry. The news article claims that acquisitions, like everything else pharmaceutical companies do, are driven by a moneymaking scheme. Wieczner educates her audience on the truth behind monopolies and high prices in the biomedical world. The source provides an analytical business perspective in the paper.

World Health Organization (WHO). "Pharmaceutical Industry." WHO. WHO, 29 Jan. 2016. <http://www.who.int/trade/glossary/story073/en/>.

The World Health Organization publishes its take on the pharmaceutical industry and the ten or so businesses monopolizing it. The program description includes statistics and criteria involved in the setting of prices. The audience is educated on international standards and the conditions of the United States industry. This source gives the essay some perspective of the monetary aspect of the issue.